2025, Vol. 6, Issue 2, Part O

This study examines the impact of Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) on women entrepreneurship development in Karnataka during 2021-2025. Using primary data from 400 women entrepreneurs across Bengaluru Urban, Mysuru, Belagavi, and Kalaburagi districts, the research analyzes awareness, accessibility, business outcomes, and implementation challenges. Results indicate 78% awareness levels with significant positive impacts on financial growth (β=0.624, p<0.001), business expansion (β=0.571, p<0.001), and employment generation (β=0.489, p<0.001). Factor analysis identifies four challenge dimensions: market-related (28.4% variance), capacity-building (23.2%), institutional (19.1%), and socio-cultural (14.8%). The study finds 91% of beneficiaries reported income improvements, with mean monthly income increasing from ₹8,420 to ₹14,680 (74% growth). However, persistent constraints include inadequate market linkages (72%), limited financial literacy (58%), and procedural delays (45%). Findings contribute empirical evidence to financial inclusion literature and offer policy recommendations for enhancing scheme effectiveness in promoting sustainable women-led enterprises.